The distribution of rainfall refers to the spatial and temporal variation of precipitation across different regions. Rainfall patterns are influenced by various factors, including geographical features, atmospheric conditions, and climate systems. 

Rainfall is not evenly distributed globally. Different regions experience varying amounts of precipitation throughout the year.

The equator generally receives high amounts of rainfall due to the convergence of moist air and the presence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).

Deserts, such as the Sahara and the Arabian Desert, often have low rainfall due to descending air currents and rain shadows.

Tropical rainforests, located near the equator, typically receive abundant rainfall throughout the year. These regions have high humidity and support diverse ecosystems.

Monsoons are characterized by seasonal wind patterns that bring heavy rainfall during a specific period. South Asia, including India, experiences a monsoon season with significant rainfall.

Deserts are generally characterized by low rainfall. Rain shadows, caused by mountains blocking moisture-laden air, contribute to arid conditions in some desert areas.

Mid-latitude regions, including the temperate zones, experience varying rainfall patterns associated with weather systems and frontal boundaries.

High-latitude regions, such as polar areas, may have low precipitation, especially in the form of snow.

Orographic rainfall occurs when moist air is forced to rise over elevated terrain. As the air rises, it cools and condenses, leading to precipitation. Mountainous regions often experience orographic rainfall.

Coastal areas can receive significant rainfall, especially if they are exposed to prevailing winds carrying moist air from the ocean. Coastal climates can range from wet to dry depending on the location.

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean can influence global weather patterns. El Niño tends to bring drier conditions to some regions, while La Niña can enhance rainfall in others.

Climate change is expected to influence rainfall patterns, leading to shifts in precipitation distribution. Some regions may experience increased rainfall, while others may face more prolonged dry periods.

Understanding the distribution of rainfall is crucial for various sectors, including agriculture, water resource management, and ecosystem dynamics. Monitoring and predicting rainfall patterns help societies adapt to changing conditions and plan for sustainable development.