Diabetes during pregnancy can refer to two different conditions: gestational diabetes and pre-existing diabetes (either type 1 or type 2 diabetes) that a woman has before becoming pregnant.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin to meet the increased needs, leading to high blood sugar levels. Gestational diabetes usually develops around the 24th to 28th week of pregnancy.

Family history of diabetes

Obesity

Previous gestational diabetes

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Age (women over 25 years old are at higher risk)

Monitoring Blood Sugar: Women with gestational diabetes will need to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly, usually several times a day.

Healthy Diet: Following a balanced diet, often under the guidance of a registered dietitian, is crucial. This includes controlling carbohydrate intake and eating a variety of nutrient-dense foods.

Regular Exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity helps regulate blood sugar levels.

Medication: Some women may need insulin or other medications to manage their blood sugar levels if diet and exercise are not enough.

Women who have diabetes (either type 1 or type 2) before becoming pregnant face unique challenges during pregnancy.

Planning Ahead: It’s essential for women with diabetes to plan their pregnancy. They should work closely with their healthcare team to ensure their blood sugar levels are well-controlled before conception.

Medical Management: Medications may need to be adjusted before and during pregnancy.

Regular Monitoring: Blood sugar levels will need to be closely monitored throughout pregnancy.

Antenatal Care: Regular prenatal visits are crucial to monitor the mother’s and baby’s health. This often involves more frequent ultrasound scans to track the baby’s growth and development.

Blood Sugar Control: Maintaining stable blood sugar levels is vital to reduce the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby. This may require insulin or other medications as prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Potential Complications: Women with diabetes have a higher risk of complications such as preeclampsia, preterm labor, and birth defects in the baby. Close monitoring and medical intervention can help manage these risks.

Pregnant women with diabetes should work closely with a healthcare team comprising obstetricians, endocrinologists, dietitians, and diabetes educators to manage their condition effectively. Proper management and monitoring can significantly reduce the risks associated with diabetes during pregnancy and help ensure a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby.