Gorky was born into poverty and experienced a difficult childhood marked by his father’s death and his mother’s remarriage. He endured poverty, hunger, and hardship, experiences that deeply influenced his later writings. Despite his limited formal education, Gorky developed a passion for literature and started writing stories and essays.

Gorky’s literary career took off in the late 19th century with the publication of his short stories and essays that portrayed the lives of the urban poor and the working class. His most famous works include “The Lower Depths” (1902), a play depicting the lives of homeless people in a shelter, and the novel “Mother” (1906), which explores the radicalization of a working-class woman during the Russian Revolution of 1905.

Gorky was deeply engaged in political activism and was sympathetic to socialist and revolutionary ideals. He supported the 1905 Revolution and the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, viewing them as movements for social justice and equality. He became a close associate of Vladimir Lenin and provided ideological support to the Bolshevik Party.

During the early years of Soviet rule, Gorky enjoyed a privileged position as a celebrated writer. However, his relationship with the government soured, leading to his self-imposed exile in Italy in 1921. He returned to the Soviet Union in 1928, following Joseph Stalin’s rise to power.

In his later years, Gorky continued to write and was involved in cultural and literary activities. He died on June 18, 1936, in Moscow, Soviet Union.

Maxim Gorky’s literary works and political activism had a significant impact on Russian and Soviet literature. His realistic portrayal of the struggles of the working class influenced the development of socialist realism, a literary style endorsed by the Soviet government. Gorky’s legacy as a writer and a champion of social justice remains influential in the realm of literature and social thought.