Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement against British colonial rule. Born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, British India (now in Gujarat, India), Gandhi became the face of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience, advocating for India’s independence through peaceful means. His life and principles have left an indelible mark on the world.

Gandhi was born into a Hindu family of the Vaishya (trading) caste. He studied law in London and later practiced law in South Africa, where he became involved in the struggle against racial discrimination. It was in South Africa that he developed the concept of satyagraha, a nonviolent form of resistance.

Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and became a leader in the Indian National Congress, advocating for India’s independence from British rule. He emphasized nonviolence, truth, and self-reliance as the means to achieve social and political change.

1. Champaran and Kheda: He organized farmers and peasants in Champaran and Kheda to protest against oppressive taxation and indigo farming practices, employing nonviolent resistance.

2. Non-Cooperation Movement: In 1920, he launched the Non-Cooperation Movement, urging Indians to boycott British institutions and goods, advocating nonviolence and noncooperation as the way to freedom.

3. Salt March: One of his most famous campaigns was the Salt March in 1930. He led a 240-mile march to the Arabian Sea to protest against the British monopoly on salt production and sales, symbolizing resistance to unjust British laws.

4. Quit India Movement: In 1942, he launched the Quit India Movement, demanding an end to British rule in India. The movement was met with harsh repression, but it significantly intensified the independence struggle.

Tragically, Mahatma Gandhi’s life was cut short when he was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist who opposed Gandhi’s views on Hindu-Muslim unity.

Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence, social justice, and religious tolerance inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. His birthday, October 2nd, is celebrated globally as the International Day of Non-Violence. Gandhi’s teachings and legacy continue to influence leaders, activists, and people striving for peace and justice worldwide.