Biography of Iltutmish
Iltutmish, also known as Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, was the third Sultan of Delhi and a prominent ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. He reigned from 1211 to 1236 and played a significant role in consolidating the Sultanate’s power and establishing it as a stable and prosperous kingdom. Here’s an overview of his life and achievements:
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| Biography of Iltutmish |
Early Life:
Iltutmish was born in a Turkish family in the region of Central Asia, possibly in Turkistan, around 1210 AD. He was captured and sold as a slave to a noble in Bukhara, where he caught the attention of Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate. Aibak purchased and brought Iltutmish to Delhi.
Iltutmish Rise to Power:
Under Qutb-ud-din Aibak’s patronage, Iltutmish rose through the ranks and gained significant influence. When Aibak died in 1210, his son Aram Shah became the Sultan, but his reign was short-lived and marked by instability. Seeing the opportunity, Iltutmish seized power and became the Sultan in 1211, thus founding the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi Sultanate.
Iltutmish’s Consolidation of Power:
Iltutmish faced challenges from various quarters, including internal revolts and external invasions, notably by the Khokhar tribes. However, he skillfully navigated these challenges and managed to consolidate his power. He expanded the Sultanate’s territories, incorporating regions like Bengal, Gujarat, and Malwa.
Administrative Reforms of Iltutmish:
Iltutmish is credited with introducing several administrative reforms. He established a stable and efficient administrative system, dividing the empire into provinces governed by trusted nobles. He also improved the revenue system, fostering economic stability. His policies helped in the growth of trade and commerce in the region.
Iltutmish’s Religious Policy:
Iltutmish was a patron of art and culture and a promoter of religious tolerance. He respected the diversity of his subjects and ensured that different communities, including Hindus, could live and practice their faith freely. He maintained good relations with religious leaders, earning him respect and support from various religious groups.
Death and Legacy of Iltutmish:
Iltutmish died in 1236 and was succeeded by his daughter Razia Sultan, who became the first female ruler of Delhi. Iltutmish’s reign laid the foundation for the Sultanate’s stability and prosperity, shaping the political and cultural landscape of medieval India. He is remembered as a wise and able ruler who played a vital role in strengthening the Delhi Sultanate during a critical period of its history.