Horace moved to Rome for further education, where he studied rhetoric and philosophy. With the outbreak of the Roman Civil War, he joined the forces of the republican army led by Brutus and Cassius. The defeat of the republicans at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BCE led to Horace’s return to Rome, where he found employment as a clerk.

In 38 BCE, Horace published his first collection of poems, “Satires,” a series of verse letters discussing various topics, including literature, philosophy, and daily life. These works established his reputation as a satirist.

His second major work, “Epodes,” followed in 30 BCE, showcasing a different style and tone compared to the “Satires.” These poems, in the form of lyric poetry, demonstrated Horace’s versatility.

Horace’s most famous work, “Odes,” was published in three books (23 BCE, 22 BCE, and 13 BCE). The “Odes” consist of lyrical poetry expressing a range of themes, including love, patriotism, and philosophical reflections. This collection solidified his position as one of Rome’s leading poets.

Horace gained the patronage of Maecenas, a close advisor to Emperor Augustus, which provided him financial stability and the opportunity to focus on his literary pursuits. Horace also formed a lasting friendship with the poet Virgil and supported other contemporary writers.

In his later years, Horace continued to write, producing works like the “Epistles” and “Ars Poetica” (“The Art of Poetry”). “Ars Poetica” is a treatise on poetic composition and has been highly influential in literary criticism.

Horace died on November 27, 8 BCE, at the age of 56. Despite the passage of centuries, his works remain integral to the study of Latin literature. Horace’s influence extended beyond his own time, impacting poets and writers throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. His emphasis on moderation, balance, and the cultivation of a virtuous life continues to resonate with readers today.